Detect Masquerading in Google Chronicle
Adversaries may attempt to manipulate features of their artifacts to make them appear legitimate or benign to users and/or security tools. Masquerading occurs when the name or location of an object, legitimate or malicious, is manipulated or abused for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may include manipulating file metadata, tricking users into misidentifying the file type, and giving legitimate task or service names. Renaming abusable system utilities to evade security monitoring is also a form of Masquerading.
MITRE ATT&CK
- Tactic
- Defense Evasion
- Technique
- T1036 Masquerading
- Canonical reference
- https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/
YARA-L Detection Query
rule t1036_masquerading_system_binary_wrong_path {
meta:
author = "df00tech"
description = "Detects known Windows system binaries executing from non-standard file paths, indicative of masquerading (T1036)"
mitre_attack_tactic = "Defense Evasion"
mitre_attack_technique = "T1036"
severity = "HIGH"
priority = "HIGH"
events:
$e.metadata.event_type = "PROCESS_LAUNCH"
$e.principal.process.file.full_path != ""
(
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)\\svchost\.exe$`) or
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)\\csrss\.exe$`) or
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)\\lsass\.exe$`) or
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)\\services\.exe$`) or
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)\\smss\.exe$`) or
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)\\wininit\.exe$`) or
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)\\winlogon\.exe$`) or
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)\\explorer\.exe$`) or
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)\\spoolsv\.exe$`) or
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)\\taskhost\.exe$`) or
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)\\taskhostw\.exe$`) or
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)\\conhost\.exe$`) or
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)\\dllhost\.exe$`) or
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)\\RuntimeBroker\.exe$`)
)
not re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)^[Cc]:\\[Ww]indows\\[Ss]ystem32\\`)
not re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)^[Cc]:\\[Ww]indows\\[Ss]ys[Ww][Oo][Ww]64\\`)
not re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)^[Cc]:\\[Ww]indows\\[Ww]in[Ss][Xx][Ss]\\`)
not re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)^[Cc]:\\[Ww]indows\\[Ee]xplorer\.exe$`)
condition:
$e
} Chronicle YARA-L 2.0 rule detecting Windows system process masquerading by identifying known system binary names executing from paths outside trusted Windows system directories.
Data Sources
Required Tables
False Positives & Tuning
- Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) environments where Windows binaries may appear at non-standard Unix-style paths in normalized UDM logs
- Endpoint detection and response tools that fork monitored processes and may log them with their own staging paths
- Custom enterprise gold images where system binaries are pre-staged to alternative drive letters before sysprep completes
Other platforms for T1036
Testing Methodology
Validate this detection against 3 adversary techniques from Atomic Red Team. Each test below lists the behaviour to exercise and the telemetry you should expect to see. Executable commands and cleanup steps are available with Pro.
- Test 1Masquerade as svchost.exe from Temp Directory
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create with Image=%TEMP%\svchost.exe, OriginalFileName=Cmd.Exe. Security Event ID 4688 with NewProcessName containing svchost.exe in a temp directory. Sysmon Event ID 11: FileCreate for svchost.exe in temp.
- Test 2Masquerade as lsass.exe from User Profile
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create with Image=%APPDATA%\lsass.exe, OriginalFileName=NOTEPAD.EXE. The OriginalFileName mismatch is a key indicator.
- Test 3Masquerade as explorer.exe from Downloads
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create with Image in Downloads folder, OriginalFileName mismatch. File creation event for explorer.exe in Downloads.
References (7)
- https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/
- https://www.elastic.co/blog/how-hunt-masquerade-ball
- https://lolbas-project.github.io/
- https://x.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1055321652777619457
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/advanced-hunting-deviceprocessevents-table
- https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1036/T1036.md
- https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/tree/master/rules/windows/process_creation
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Related Detections
Sub-techniques (12)
- T1036.001Invalid Code Signature
- T1036.002Right-to-Left Override
- T1036.003Rename Legitimate Utilities
- T1036.004Masquerade Task or Service
- T1036.005Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location
- T1036.006Space after Filename
- T1036.007Double File Extension
- T1036.008Masquerade File Type
- T1036.009Break Process Trees
- T1036.010Masquerade Account Name
- T1036.011Overwrite Process Arguments
- T1036.012Browser Fingerprint