Detect NTDS in Google Chronicle
Adversaries extract credentials from the Active Directory domain database NTDS.dit, located at %SystemRoot%\NTDS\Ntds.dit on domain controllers. The file contains all domain user password hashes. Methods include: ntdsutil.exe (used by APT28, Sandworm, Volt Typhoon, LAPSUS$, APT41), Volume Shadow Copy plus copy, esentutl.exe, secretsdump.py, and Invoke-NinjaCopy. The SYSTEM registry hive is also required for decryption. Used by virtually every major threat group and all ransomware operators. Highest-impact credential theft technique — compromises the entire domain at once.
MITRE ATT&CK
- Tactic
- Credential Access
- Technique
- T1003 OS Credential Dumping
- Sub-technique
- T1003.003 NTDS
- Canonical reference
- https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/003/
YARA-L Detection Query
rule ntds_credential_dumping {
meta:
author = "Argus Detection Engineering"
description = "Detects NTDS.dit credential extraction via ntdsutil IFM, VSS copy, esentutl, secretsdump, DCSync, and Invoke-NinjaCopy on domain controllers"
mitre_attack = "T1003.003"
severity = "CRITICAL"
priority = "HIGH"
created = "2026-04-13"
events:
$e.metadata.event_type = "PROCESS_LAUNCH"
$e.principal.hostname = $hostname
(
(
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)ntdsutil\.exe`) and
(
re.regex($e.target.process.command_line, `(?i)(ifm|install\s+from\s+media|create\s+full|ac\s+i\s+ntds|activate\s+instance\s+ntds)`) or
re.regex($e.target.process.command_line, `(?i)ntds\.dit`)
)
) or
re.regex($e.target.process.command_line, `(?i)(secretsdump|drsuapi|dcsync|ninja.?copy)`) or
(
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)esentutl\.exe`) and
re.regex($e.target.process.command_line, `(?i)(ntds|\.dit|shadow)`)
) or
(
re.regex($e.target.process.file.full_path, `(?i)(cmd\.exe|powershell\.exe|vssadmin\.exe|robocopy\.exe|xcopy\.exe)`) and
re.regex($e.target.process.command_line, `(?i)ntds`) and
re.regex($e.target.process.command_line, `(?i)(shadow|dit)`)
)
)
condition:
$e
} Google Chronicle YARA-L 2.0 rule detecting NTDS.dit credential dumping across all known extraction methods. Uses UDM process launch events to identify ntdsutil IFM operations, VSS-assisted copies, esentutl extraction, secretsdump, DCSync, and Invoke-NinjaCopy by matching process image paths and command line arguments.
Data Sources
Required Tables
False Positives & Tuning
- Authorised ntdsutil IFM operations performed by AD administrators during domain controller backup windows
- Security assessment tooling (BloodHound, PingCastle) run during approved penetration testing engagements
- Domain migration scripts referencing NTDS.dit paths for legitimate AD restructuring
Other platforms for T1003.003
Testing Methodology
Validate this detection against 3 adversary techniques from Atomic Red Team. Each test below lists the behaviour to exercise and the telemetry you should expect to see. Executable commands and cleanup steps are available with Pro.
- Test 1Create NTDS IFM Backup via ntdsutil
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create for ntdsutil.exe with CommandLine containing 'ac i ntds' and 'create full'. Sysmon Event ID 11: FileCreate for ntds.dit and other database files in C:\AtomicTest_NTDS. Security Event ID 4688 for ntdsutil.exe.
- Test 2Copy NTDS.dit via Volume Shadow Copy
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: vssadmin.exe with 'create shadow'. Sysmon Event ID 11: FileCreate for atomic_ntds.dit. Sysmon Event ID 1: copy/xcopy/robocopy commands accessing ntds.dit path. System Event Log: VSS service events (8193/8194).
- Test 3DCSync via Mimikatz lsadump::dcsync
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create for mimikatz.exe with 'lsadump::dcsync' in CommandLine. Security Event ID 4662 on the DC: DS-Replication-Get-Changes and DS-Replication-Get-Changes-All access rights for the mimikatz-running account. Network Event ID 3 for LDAP connections to DC.
References (6)
- https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/003/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Directory
- http://adsecurity.org/?p=1275
- https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1003.003/T1003.003.md
- https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/credential-access-and-credential-dumping/ntds.dit-enumeration
- https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/get-started/virtual-dc/virtualized-domain-controller-architecture
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