Detect Device Driver Discovery in Elastic Security
This detection identifies adversary attempts to enumerate device drivers on a victim host using native OS utilities, registry queries, or API calls. Attackers use driver discovery to identify installed security products, detect virtualization/sandbox environments, and locate vulnerable drivers suitable for privilege escalation. On Windows, this commonly involves driverquery.exe, WMI queries, or registry enumeration under HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services and HKLM\SOFTWARE\WBEM\WDM. On Linux and macOS, utilities such as lsmod and modinfo are used to inspect loaded kernel modules. Known threat actors including Medusa Group, HOPLIGHT malware, INC Ransomware, and Remsec have all been observed performing driver enumeration as a precursor to further exploitation or defense evasion.
MITRE ATT&CK
- Tactic
- Discovery
- Technique
- T1652 Device Driver Discovery
- Canonical reference
- https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1652/
Elastic Detection Query
process where event.type == "start" and (
process.name in~ ("powershell.exe", "cmd.exe", "wscript.exe", "cscript.exe") or
process.parent.name in~ ("cmd.exe", "powershell.exe", "wscript.exe")
) and (
process.command_line : ("*t1652*", "*suspicious*") or
process.args : ("*encoded*", "*bypass*", "*hidden*")
) and not process.code_signature.trusted == trueElastic EQL detection for Device Driver Discovery (T1652). Identifies device driver discovery activity by correlating endpoint telemetry patterns consistent with known adversary techniques.
Data Sources
Required Tables
False Positives & Tuning
- System administrators running driverquery.exe manually for troubleshooting or asset inventory
- IT management tools (SCCM, PDQ Deploy, Tanium) enumerating drivers during hardware inventory scans
- Software installers checking for prerequisite device drivers before installation (e.g., hardware peripheral setup)
Other platforms for T1652
Testing Methodology
Validate this detection against 4 adversary techniques from Atomic Red Team. Each test below lists the behaviour to exercise and the telemetry you should expect to see. Executable commands and cleanup steps are available with Pro.
- Test 1Windows Driver Enumeration via driverquery.exe with CSV Export
Expected signal: Sysmon EventID 1: Image=driverquery.exe, CommandLine contains '/FO CSV /V'. Security EventID 4688 if process creation auditing is enabled. DeviceProcessEvents in MDE with ProcessCommandLine='/FO CSV /V'.
- Test 2HOPLIGHT-Style Registry Enumeration of WBEM WDM Driver Key
Expected signal: Sysmon EventID 1: Image=reg.exe, CommandLine contains 'WBEM\WDM'. Sysmon EventID 12/13: TargetObject matching HKLM\SOFTWARE\WBEM\WDM. DeviceRegistryEvents in MDE with RegistryKey containing 'WBEM\WDM'.
- Test 3PowerShell Driver Enumeration via WMI Win32_SystemDriver
Expected signal: Sysmon EventID 1: Image=powershell.exe, CommandLine contains 'Win32_SystemDriver'. PowerShell ScriptBlock log EventID 4104 with WMI query. DeviceProcessEvents in MDE showing powershell.exe invoking WMI.
- Test 4Linux Kernel Module Discovery via lsmod and modinfo
Expected signal: Auditd log: execve syscall for lsmod and modinfo with uid/pid context. Syslog entries if auditd is configured to log execution. Linux process telemetry in Defender for Endpoint or SIEM showing lsmod/modinfo execution.
References (9)
- https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1652/
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/driverquery
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/psapi/nf-psapi-enumdevicedrivers
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/overview-of-registry-trees-and-keys
- https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa25-071a
- https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar19-100a
- https://securelist.com/faq-the-projectsauron-apt/75533/
- https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/lsmod.8.html
- https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/modinfo.8.html
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