Detect CVE-2025-58048: Paymenter Remote Code Execution via Unrestricted File Upload in Microsoft Sentinel
Detects exploitation of CVE-2025-58048, a critical unrestricted file upload vulnerability (CWE-434) in Paymenter versions prior to 1.2.11. Attackers can upload malicious files (e.g., PHP webshells) through publicly accessible upload endpoints, achieving remote code execution on the server. CVSS 9.9 with public PoC available.
MITRE ATT&CK
- Tactic
- Initial Access Execution Persistence Impact
KQL Detection Query
let suspiciousExtensions = dynamic(['.php', '.php3', '.php4', '.php5', '.phtml', '.phar', '.asp', '.aspx', '.jsp', '.py', '.rb', '.pl', '.sh', '.bash', '.cgi']);
let uploadPaths = dynamic(['/upload', '/uploads', '/files', '/public/uploads', '/storage/app/public']);
DeviceNetworkEvents
| where Timestamp > ago(24h)
| where RemotePort in (80, 443, 8080, 8443)
| join kind=inner (
DeviceFileEvents
| where Timestamp > ago(24h)
| where ActionType in ('FileCreated', 'FileModified')
| where FolderPath has_any (uploadPaths)
| where FileName has_any (suspiciousExtensions)
| project DeviceId, FileCreationTime=Timestamp, FileName, FolderPath, InitiatingProcessName, InitiatingProcessCommandLine
) on DeviceId
| where abs(datetime_diff('second', Timestamp, FileCreationTime)) < 60
| extend RiskIndicator = case(
FileName endswith '.php' or FileName endswith '.phtml', 'PHP webshell upload',
FileName endswith '.jsp', 'JSP webshell upload',
FileName endswith '.sh' or FileName endswith '.bash', 'Shell script upload',
'Suspicious executable upload'
)
| project Timestamp, DeviceId, DeviceName, RemoteIP, RemotePort, FileName, FolderPath, InitiatingProcessName, InitiatingProcessCommandLine, RiskIndicator
| order by Timestamp descDetects suspicious file uploads to Paymenter public storage directories with executable extensions that could indicate CVE-2025-58048 exploitation. Correlates network connections with file creation events near upload paths.
Data Sources
Required Tables
False Positives & Tuning
- Legitimate PHP plugin or theme uploads by administrators through authorized CMS interfaces
- Automated deployment pipelines writing PHP files to web directories
- Backup restoration processes creating PHP files in web-accessible directories
- Development environments where developers legitimately upload script files
Other platforms for CVE-2025-58048
Testing Methodology
Validate this detection against 3 adversary techniques from Atomic Red Team. Each test below lists the behaviour to exercise and the telemetry you should expect to see. Executable commands and cleanup steps are available with Pro.
- Test 1Upload PHP Webshell to Paymenter Public Storage
Expected signal: Web server logs showing POST to /upload with multipart/form-data containing .php file; file creation event in storage/app/public directory; HTTP 200/201 response code
- Test 2Execute Commands via Uploaded Webshell
Expected signal: GET requests to storage/app/public/*.php path; PHP process spawning id, uname, whoami child processes; outbound network connection from PHP/web server process to attacker IP
- Test 3Bypass MIME Type Restriction via Content-Type Spoofing
Expected signal: Web server logs showing POST uploads with mismatched Content-Type and file extension; file creation events with double extensions or PHP extensions in upload directories; magic byte mismatch in uploaded files
References (5)
- https://github.com/Paymenter/Paymenter/security/advisories/GHSA-5pm9-r2m8-rcmj
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58048
- https://github.com/Paymenter/Paymenter/commit/87c3db42282ada1e3cda54b9a01f846926c0669b
- https://github.com/Paymenter/Paymenter/releases/tag/v1.2.11
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-5pm9-r2m8-rcmj
Unlock Pro Content
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