Detect Shortcut Modification in Splunk
Adversaries may create or modify shortcuts that can execute a program during system boot or user login. Shortcuts (.lnk files) or symbolic links are used to reference other files or programs that will be opened or executed when the shortcut is clicked or executed by a system startup process. Adversaries may abuse shortcuts in the startup folder to execute their tools and achieve persistence. They may also edit the target path or entirely replace existing shortcuts so their malware executes instead of the intended legitimate program. Threat actors including Lazarus Group, APT39, Leviathan, and Turla have used this technique. LNK browser extensions may also be modified to persistently launch malware.
MITRE ATT&CK
- Tactic
- Persistence Privilege Escalation
- Technique
- T1547 Boot or Logon Autostart Execution
- Sub-technique
- T1547.009 Shortcut Modification
- Canonical reference
- https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/009/
SPL Detection Query
index=wineventlog sourcetype="XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational" EventCode=11
TargetFilename="*.lnk"
(TargetFilename="*Start Menu\\Programs\\Startup*" OR TargetFilename="*Start Menu\\Programs\\StartUp*")
| table _time, host, TargetFilename, Image, User
| sort - _timeDetects .lnk file creation in Windows Startup folders using Sysmon Event ID 11 (FileCreate). Monitors both per-user and system-wide startup locations. This is a high-confidence detection for shortcut-based persistence used by many APT groups and malware families.
Data Sources
Required Sourcetypes
False Positives & Tuning
- Software installations creating legitimate startup shortcuts
- User-created shortcuts in the Startup folder
- Windows or application updates modifying shortcuts
- Enterprise deployment tools deploying shortcuts
Other platforms for T1547.009
Testing Methodology
Validate this detection against 3 adversary techniques from Atomic Red Team. Each test below lists the behaviour to exercise and the telemetry you should expect to see. Executable commands and cleanup steps are available with Pro.
- Test 1Create Malicious Shortcut in Startup Folder
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 11: FileCreate for df00tech-test.lnk in the Startup folder. Sysmon Event ID 1: PowerShell process creation with WScript.Shell COM object usage.
- Test 2Modify Existing Shortcut Target
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 11: FileCreate for the initial shortcut. File modification event when the target path is changed. Both events show PowerShell as the initiating process.
- Test 3Create VBScript Shortcut in Startup
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 11 for both the .vbs file creation and the .lnk shortcut in Startup. The shortcut targeting wscript.exe with a .vbs argument is a strong malicious indicator.
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