Detect Code Repositories in IBM QRadar
Adversaries may leverage code repositories to collect valuable information including proprietary source code and unsecured credentials embedded within software. Code repositories such as GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket, and Azure DevOps store source code and automate software builds, and may be hosted internally or externally. Once adversaries gain access via compromised credentials, stolen OAuth tokens, or insider access, they may bulk-clone repositories, run automated secret-scanning tools (trufflehog, gitleaks) to harvest embedded API keys and passwords, or enumerate organizational repositories at scale via API calls. LAPSUS$ searched victim networks for GitLab and GitHub instances to discover high-privilege credentials; Scattered Spider enumerated internal GitHub repositories as part of broader data theft operations; APT41 cloned victim Git repositories during intrusions. Successful exploitation provides adversaries with source code for developing targeted exploits, service credentials for lateral movement, and intellectual property for competitive or financial gain.
MITRE ATT&CK
- Tactic
- Collection
- Technique
- T1213 Data from Information Repositories
- Sub-technique
- T1213.003 Code Repositories
- Canonical reference
- https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/003/
QRadar Detection Query
SELECT
DATEFORMAT(MIN(starttime), 'YYYY-MM-dd HH:mm:ss') AS FirstSeen,
DATEFORMAT(MAX(starttime), 'YYYY-MM-dd HH:mm:ss') AS LastSeen,
sourceip,
username,
"Process Name",
"Command",
COUNT(*) AS EventCount,
CASE
WHEN LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*trufflehog.*|.*gitleaks.*|.*git.secrets.*|.*gitrob.*|.*shhgit.*|.*detect.secrets.*|.*git.hound.*|.*gitallsecrets.*' THEN 'SecretScanningToolExecution'
WHEN LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*(api\.github\.com/(orgs|users|repos|search)|gitlab\.com/api/v4/(projects|groups)|api\.bitbucket\.org/2\.0/repositories|dev\.azure\.com).*' THEN 'RepositoryAPIEnumeration'
WHEN LOWER("Process Name") MATCHES '.*\\bgit(\.exe)?$' AND LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*(\barchive\b|\bbundle\b).*' THEN 'GitBulkExtraction'
WHEN LOWER("Process Name") MATCHES '.*\\bgit(\.exe)?$' AND LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*\bclone\b.*' THEN 'BulkRepositoryCloning'
ELSE 'MultipleSignals'
END AS DetectionType
FROM events
WHERE
LOGSOURCETYPEID(logsourceid) IN (
-- Microsoft Windows Security Event Log (EventID 4688)
12,
-- Sysmon (EventID 1)
396
)
AND starttime > NOW() - 86400 SECONDS
AND (
LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*trufflehog.*'
OR LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*gitleaks.*'
OR LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*git.secrets.*'
OR LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*gitrob.*'
OR LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*shhgit.*'
OR LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*detect.secrets.*'
OR LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*git.hound.*'
OR LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*gitallsecrets.*'
OR LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*api\.github\.com/orgs.*'
OR LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*api\.github\.com/users/.*'
OR LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*api\.github\.com/repos.*'
OR LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*api\.github\.com/search/repositories.*'
OR LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*gitlab\.com/api/v4/projects.*'
OR LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*gitlab\.com/api/v4/groups.*'
OR LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*api\.bitbucket\.org/2\.0/repositories.*'
OR LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*dev\.azure\.com.*'
OR (
LOWER("Process Name") MATCHES '.*\\bgit(\.exe)?$'
AND LOWER("Command") MATCHES '.*(\barchive\b|\bbundle\b|\bclone\b).*'
)
)
GROUP BY sourceip, username, "Process Name", "Command"
HAVING
DetectionType != 'BulkRepositoryCloning'
OR (DetectionType = 'BulkRepositoryCloning' AND EventCount >= 5)
ORDER BY FirstSeen DESC AQL query for IBM QRadar detecting T1213.003 code repository collection. Queries Windows Security Event Log (EventID 4688) and Sysmon (EventID 1) log sources for secret scanning tool execution, repository API enumeration via scripting engines, git bulk archive/bundle operations, and bulk clone activity (5+ events threshold). Groups by source IP, username, process, and command to surface aggregated attacker activity.
Data Sources
Required Tables
False Positives & Tuning
- Automated build servers (Jenkins, GitLab CI runners) that legitimately call git clone, archive, or API endpoints as part of standard CI/CD pipelines.
- Security engineering teams with authorized gitleaks or trufflehog scanning integrated into pre-commit or scheduled pipeline jobs.
- DevOps engineers scripting repository management tasks (repo creation, mirroring, archiving) via GitHub or GitLab APIs during normal business hours.
- Third-party code quality or SAST tools that invoke git commands internally when analyzing repositories.
Other platforms for T1213.003
Testing Methodology
Validate this detection against 4 adversary techniques from Atomic Red Team. Each test below lists the behaviour to exercise and the telemetry you should expect to see. Executable commands and cleanup steps are available with Pro.
- Test 1Bulk Repository Cloning via Shell Loop
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1 (if configured on Linux via auditd): multiple git process creation events with CommandLine containing 'clone' within seconds. On Windows endpoints: DeviceProcessEvents entries for git.exe with ProcessCommandLine matching 'clone https://github.com/'. Five or more clone events from the same AccountName within a 1-hour bin.
- Test 2Secret Scanning with Trufflehog Against Local Repository
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create with Image containing 'trufflehog' or CommandLine containing 'trufflehog'. If trufflehog is not installed, the which command still creates a process event. DeviceProcessEvents: FileName='trufflehog' or ProcessCommandLine has 'trufflehog'.
- Test 3GitHub Organization Repository Enumeration via API
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create for curl with CommandLine containing 'api.github.com/orgs'. Sysmon Event ID 3: Network Connection to api.github.com:443. DeviceProcessEvents: FileName='curl' with ProcessCommandLine has 'api.github.com/orgs'. DeviceNetworkEvents: RemoteUrl containing 'api.github.com'.
- Test 4Git Archive Bulk Content Extraction
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create with Image containing 'git' and CommandLine containing 'archive --format'. Sysmon Event ID 11: File Create events for the extracted files in /tmp. DeviceProcessEvents: FileName='git' with ProcessCommandLine has 'archive'. DeviceFileEvents: multiple file creation events from the git process in output directory.
References (11)
- https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/003/
- https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/03/22/dev-0537-criminal-actor-targeting-organizations-for-data-exfiltration-and-destruction/
- https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-11/aa23-320a_scattered_spider.pdf
- https://www.nccgroup.com/us/research-blog/lapsus-recent-techniques-tactics-and-procedures/
- https://www.wired.com/story/uber-paid-off-hackers-to-hide-a-57-million-user-data-breach/
- https://krebsonsecurity.com/2013/10/adobe-to-announce-source-code-customer-data-breach/
- https://github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog
- https://github.com/gitleaks/gitleaks
- https://docs.github.com/en/organizations/keeping-your-organization-secure/managing-security-settings-for-your-organization/reviewing-the-audit-log-for-your-organization
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/connect-github-ec
- https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1213.003/T1213.003.md
Unlock Pro Content
Get the full detection package for T1213.003 including response playbook, investigation guide, and atomic red team tests.