Detect Exploit Public-Facing Application in IBM QRadar
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network. The weakness in the system can be a software bug, a temporary glitch, or a misconfiguration. Exploited applications are often websites/web servers, but can also include databases (like SQL), standard services (like SMB or SSH), network device administration and management protocols (like SNMP and Smart Install), and any other system with Internet-accessible open sockets. On ESXi infrastructure, adversaries may exploit exposed OpenSLP services or VMware vCenter servers. If an application is hosted on cloud-based infrastructure and/or is containerized, exploiting it may lead to compromise of the underlying instance or container, allowing adversaries to access cloud or container APIs, escape to the container host, or exploit weak identity and access management policies.
MITRE ATT&CK
- Tactic
- Initial Access
- Technique
- T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application
- Canonical reference
- https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190/
QRadar Detection Query
SELECT
DATEFORMAT(devicetime, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss') AS EventTime,
LOGSOURCENAME(logsourceid) AS LogSource,
LOGSOURCETYPENAME(logsourceid) AS LogSourceType,
sourceip,
username,
"ParentProcessName",
"ProcessName",
"CommandLine",
"ParentCommandLine",
CATEGORYNAME(category) AS Category,
CASE
WHEN LOWER("ProcessName") SIMILAR TO '%(cmd.exe|powershell.exe|pwsh.exe|wscript.exe|cscript.exe|mshta.exe)%' THEN 'Shell Spawned'
WHEN LOWER("ProcessName") SIMILAR TO '%(certutil.exe|bitsadmin.exe|curl.exe|wget.exe|nc.exe|ncat.exe)%' THEN 'Download/C2 Tool'
WHEN LOWER("ProcessName") SIMILAR TO '%(whoami.exe|ipconfig.exe|systeminfo.exe|nltest.exe|net.exe|net1.exe|tasklist.exe|quser.exe)%' THEN 'Reconnaissance'
WHEN LOWER("ProcessName") SIMILAR TO '%(schtasks.exe|at.exe|sc.exe|reg.exe)%' THEN 'Persistence Attempt'
ELSE 'Suspicious Child'
END AS ExploitEvidence
FROM events
WHERE
LOGSOURCETYPENAME(logsourceid) IN ('Microsoft Windows Security Event Log', 'Snare for Windows')
AND (
LOWER("ParentProcessName") SIMILAR TO '%(w3wp.exe|httpd.exe|nginx.exe|apache2.exe|java.exe|python.exe|python3.exe|php.exe|php-cgi.exe|node.exe|ruby.exe|perl.exe|tomcat%.exe|ews.exe|umworkerprocess.exe|msexchangeservicehost.exe)%'
)
AND (
LOWER("ProcessName") SIMILAR TO '%(cmd.exe|powershell.exe|pwsh.exe|wscript.exe|cscript.exe|mshta.exe|rundll32.exe|regsvr32.exe|certutil.exe|bitsadmin.exe|curl.exe|wget.exe|nc.exe|ncat.exe|net.exe|net1.exe|whoami.exe|ipconfig.exe|systeminfo.exe|nltest.exe|ping.exe|nslookup.exe|tasklist.exe|quser.exe|schtasks.exe|at.exe|sc.exe|reg.exe)%'
)
ORDER BY devicetime DESC
LAST 24 HOURSQRadar AQL query targeting Windows Security Event Log sources to detect web server and application runtime processes spawning suspicious child processes. Uses custom event properties for ParentProcessName, ProcessName, and CommandLine as populated by DSM parsing of Windows Event ID 4688 or Sysmon Event ID 1. Classifies each match by exploitation stage.
Data Sources
Required Tables
False Positives & Tuning
- Automated deployment pipelines or CI/CD agents running inside IIS or Tomcat application pools that legitimately invoke cmd.exe or PowerShell for configuration management tasks
- Vulnerability scanners or EDR agents performing authenticated system enumeration (whoami, systeminfo) from within monitored web application processes
- Java-based enterprise applications (e.g., Jenkins, Confluence) that shell out to system utilities as part of plugin execution or administrative operations
Other platforms for T1190
Testing Methodology
Validate this detection against 4 adversary techniques from Atomic Red Team. Each test below lists the behaviour to exercise and the telemetry you should expect to see. Executable commands and cleanup steps are available with Pro.
- Test 1Web Server Process Spawning Reconnaissance Commands
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create events for cmd.exe, whoami.exe, ipconfig.exe, net.exe, systeminfo.exe with respective command lines. Security Event ID 4688 (with command line auditing enabled) for each spawned process. Sysmon Event ID 11: File creation at %TEMP%\argus-t1190-recon.txt.
- Test 2Drop Test Webshell File in IIS Web Root
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 11: File Create with TargetFilename='C:\inetpub\wwwroot\argus-test-shell.aspx'. Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create for powershell.exe with Set-Content command visible in CommandLine. DeviceFileEvents in Microsoft Defender for Endpoint will show the .aspx file creation with the initiating process context.
- Test 3Log4Shell JNDI Lookup Payload in HTTP Request Headers
Expected signal: Web server access log entry (Apache: /var/log/apache2/access.log, Nginx: /var/log/nginx/access.log) showing the JNDI payload strings in User-Agent and custom header fields. If a Java application with Log4j is running on port 80, Sysmon EventCode=3 (or /proc/net/tcp) will show an LDAP connection attempt to 127.0.0.1:1389 from the java.exe/java process.
- Test 4SQL Injection Payloads in Web Application Query Parameters
Expected signal: Web server access logs will contain entries with SQL injection strings in the cs-uri-query field (IIS) or request URI (Apache/Nginx). The HTTP response codes (200, 400, 404, 500) are printed to stdout for each payload. WAF alert events generated if a WAF is in the request path. No database query is executed — the payloads are evaluated only at the HTTP layer.
References (10)
- https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190/
- https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/
- https://cwe.mitre.org/top25/index.html
- https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/fortinet-malware-ecosystem
- https://www.recordedfuture.com/blog/esxiargs-ransomware-targets-vmware-esxi-openslp-servers
- https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/
- https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa21-116a
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/threat-brief-understanding-log4j-vulnerability/
- https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-silhouette
- https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1190/T1190.md
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