Detect Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution in Sumo Logic CSE
Adversaries may take advantage of trusted developer utilities to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Utilities used for software development tasks such as MSBuild, csc.exe, vbc.exe, WinDbg, cdb.exe, tracker.exe, dnx.exe, and rcsi.exe are typically signed with legitimate Microsoft certificates, allowing them to execute code and bypass application control solutions. These utilities can compile and execute inline C#, VB.NET, or native shellcode embedded in project files, scripts, or command-line arguments, effectively masquerading malicious execution as legitimate developer activity. Adversaries also leverage these tools to bypass Smart App Control by abusing the OS trust model for signed binaries that support arbitrary code execution.
MITRE ATT&CK
- Tactic
- Defense Evasion
- Canonical reference
- https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127/
Sumo Detection Query
_sourceCategory=windows/sysmon OR _sourceCategory=windows/security
| where EventID = 1 OR EventID = 4688
| parse field=Image "*\\*" as drive, process_image nodrop
| parse field=ParentImage "*\\*" as parent_drive, parent_image nodrop
| where process_image in ("msbuild.exe", "csc.exe", "vbc.exe", "jsc.exe", "dnx.exe", "rcsi.exe", "tracker.exe", "cdb.exe", "windbg.exe", "kd.exe", "ntsd.exe", "msdeploy.exe", "xwizard.exe", "mshta.exe")
| if (matches(toLowerCase(ParentImage), ".*(winword|excel|powerpnt|outlook|msedge|chrome|firefox|iexplore|wscript|cscript|mshta|powershell|pwsh)\.exe.*"), 1, 0) as suspicious_parent
| if (matches(toLowerCase(CommandLine), ".*(\\\\temp\\\\|\\\\appdata\\\\local\\\\temp\\\\|\\\\appdata\\\\roaming\\\\|\\\\programdata\\\\|\\\\users\\\\public\\\\|\\\\downloads\\\\).*"), 1, 0) as temp_path_arg
| if (process_image="msbuild.exe" and matches(toLowerCase(CommandLine), ".*(\x2ecsproj|\x2eproj|\x2exml|\x2etargets|\x2etasks).*"), 1, 0) as msbuild_inline_task
| if (matches(toLowerCase(process_image), ".*(cdb|windbg|ntsd|kd)\.exe.*") and matches(CommandLine, ".*(-pd|-pv|-cf|-c ).*"), 1, 0) as debugger_shellcode
| if (process_image="tracker.exe" and matches(toLowerCase(CommandLine), ".*/d3|/dumpstartuplogging|\.dll.*"), 1, 0) as tracker_exec
| if (process_image in ("dnx.exe", "rcsi.exe"), 1, 0) as rare_utility
| where suspicious_parent + temp_path_arg + msbuild_inline_task + debugger_shellcode + tracker_exec + rare_utility > 0
| fields _messageTime, Computer, User, Image, CommandLine, ParentImage, ParentCommandLine, suspicious_parent, temp_path_arg, msbuild_inline_task, debugger_shellcode, tracker_exec, rare_utility
| sort by _messageTime descDetects proxy execution via trusted developer utilities (T1127) using Windows Sysmon or Security Event Log process creation events. Scores each event against indicators: suspicious parent process, temp path arguments, MSBuild inline task file types, debugger shellcode arguments, tracker.exe abuse, and rare utilities like dnx.exe or rcsi.exe.
Data Sources
Required Tables
False Positives & Tuning
- Build server agents (Jenkins, TeamCity, Azure DevOps) that compile code using msbuild.exe or csc.exe with project files stored in user temp directories
- Microsoft Visual Studio remote debugger sessions where devenv.exe spawns cdb.exe or ntsd.exe with debug flags as part of a legitimate debugging workflow
- Enterprise software distribution systems (LANDesk, Ivanti, SCCM) using msdeploy.exe with arguments referencing ProgramData staging directories
Other platforms for T1127
Testing Methodology
Validate this detection against 4 adversary techniques from Atomic Red Team. Each test below lists the behaviour to exercise and the telemetry you should expect to see. Executable commands and cleanup steps are available with Pro.
- Test 1MSBuild Inline Task Execution via Malicious Project File
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create for MSBuild.exe with CommandLine referencing %TEMP%\malicious.csproj. Sysmon Event ID 11: File Create for %TEMP%\malicious.csproj. Sysmon Event ID 1 child: cmd.exe spawned by MSBuild.exe with /c whoami argument. Sysmon Event ID 11: File Create for %TEMP%\msbuild-test.txt. Security Event ID 4688 for both MSBuild.exe and cmd.exe if command line auditing is enabled.
- Test 2On-the-Fly C# Compilation and Execution via csc.exe
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 11: File Create for %TEMP%\df00tech_test.cs. Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create for csc.exe with CommandLine referencing %TEMP% source and output paths. Sysmon Event ID 11: File Create for %TEMP%\df00tech_test.exe and %TEMP%\df00tech_test.pdb. Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create for %TEMP%\df00tech_test.exe (unsigned binary from temp path). AmCache will record the new executable's first execution.
- Test 3Shellcode Execution via CDB.exe Debugger with Command Script Flag
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create for cdb.exe with CommandLine containing -c, -pv, and -pd flags. Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create for notepad.exe spawned by cdb.exe. Security Event ID 4688 for cdb.exe if command line auditing enabled. The -c flag content (.echo) will appear in the command line.
- Test 4Tracker.exe Proxy Execution via /d3 Logging Flag
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create for Tracker.exe with CommandLine containing /d3 and referencing a DLL. Sysmon Event ID 7: Image Load events for shell32.dll under the Tracker.exe process context. Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create for whoami.exe as a child of Tracker.exe. Security Event ID 4688 for Tracker.exe and whoami.exe.
References (12)
- https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127/
- https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/OtherMSBinaries/Tracker/
- https://enigma0x3.net/2016/11/17/bypassing-application-whitelisting-by-using-dnx-exe/
- https://enigma0x3.net/2016/11/21/bypassing-application-whitelisting-by-using-rcsi-exe/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20160816135945/http://www.exploit-monday.com/2016/08/windbg-cdb-shellcode-runner.html
- https://www.elastic.co/security-labs/dismantling-smart-app-control
- https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/smart-app-control-frequently-asked-questions-285ea03d-fa88-4d56-882e-6698afdb7003
- https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1127/T1127.md
- https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/blob/master/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_msbuild_susp_parent.yml
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/msbuild/msbuild-inline-tasks
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/cdb-command-line-options
- https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/OtherMSBinaries/Msbuild/
Unlock Pro Content
Get the full detection package for T1127 including response playbook, investigation guide, and atomic red team tests.