Detect Remote Data Staging in CrowdStrike LogScale
Adversaries may stage data collected from multiple systems in a central location or directory on one system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as Archive Collected Data. Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within cmd and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location. By staging data on one system prior to Exfiltration, adversaries can minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.
MITRE ATT&CK
- Tactic
- Collection
- Technique
- T1074 Data Staged
- Sub-technique
- T1074.002 Remote Data Staging
- Canonical reference
- https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002/
LogScale Detection Query
// Detection 1: Archive file creation in staging directories
#event_simpleName = "FileWritten"
| TargetFileName = /(?i)\.(zip|rar|7z|tar|gz|bz2|cab|iso|lzh|arj)$/
| TargetFileName = /(?i)\\(temp|tmp|public|programdata|appdata\\local\\temp|users\\public|inetpub\\wwwroot|wwwroot)\\/
| eval DetectionType = "ArchiveInStagingDir"
| table(_time, ComputerName, UserName, TargetFileName, ImageFileName, CommandLine, ParentBaseFileName, DetectionType)
// Detection 2: xcopy/robocopy to remote UNC paths
| union [
#event_simpleName = "ProcessRollup2"
| ImageFileName = /(?i)(xcopy\.exe|robocopy\.exe)$/
| CommandLine = /\\\\\\/
| eval DetectionType = "RemoteCopyToolToUNC"
| table(_time, ComputerName, UserName, ImageFileName, CommandLine, ParentBaseFileName, DetectionType)
]
// Detection 3: PowerShell/cmd staging via remote copy
| union [
#event_simpleName = "ProcessRollup2"
| ImageFileName = /(?i)(powershell\.exe|pwsh\.exe|cmd\.exe)$/
| CommandLine = /(?i)(copy-item|move-item|xcopy|robocopy)/
| CommandLine = /\\\\\\/
| eval DetectionType = "PSCmdRemoteCopy"
| table(_time, ComputerName, UserName, ImageFileName, CommandLine, ParentBaseFileName, DetectionType)
]
// Aggregate and sort
| groupBy([ComputerName, UserName, DetectionType, ImageFileName, CommandLine, ParentBaseFileName], function=([count(as=EventCount), min(_time, as=FirstSeen), max(_time, as=LastSeen)]))
| sort(LastSeen, order=desc) CrowdStrike LogScale (Falcon) query detecting Remote Data Staging across three sub-patterns: archive file creation in staging directories (FileWritten), remote copy tools targeting UNC paths (ProcessRollup2 for xcopy/robocopy), and PowerShell/cmd remote copy operations. Results are deduplicated with event count and time range.
Data Sources
Required Tables
False Positives & Tuning
- Endpoint management solutions (SCCM, Intune, Tanium) that deploy software packages by staging compressed installers to %ProgramData% or %TEMP% then executing them
- Robocopy-based folder redirection or profile migration tasks executed by domain GPO scripts during user logon to corporate workstations
- Developers using PowerShell Copy-Item in build scripts to publish artifacts to shared development network drives (e.g., \\buildserver\drops\)
Other platforms for T1074.002
Testing Methodology
Validate this detection against 4 adversary techniques from Atomic Red Team. Each test below lists the behaviour to exercise and the telemetry you should expect to see. Executable commands and cleanup steps are available with Pro.
- Test 1Stage Files to Remote SMB Share via xcopy
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create for xcopy.exe with CommandLine containing UNC path '\\127.0.0.1\StagingTest$'. Sysmon Event ID 11: File Create events on the destination share. Security Event ID 5140 (if share auditing enabled): Network share 'StagingTest$' accessed. Security Event ID 4688 (if command line auditing enabled): xcopy.exe process creation with full command line.
- Test 2Archive and Stage Collected Files in Public Directory
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create for powershell.exe with CommandLine containing 'Compress-Archive' and 'C:\Users\Public'. Sysmon Event ID 11: File Create event for the .zip file in C:\Users\Public\staging_test\. PowerShell ScriptBlock Logging Event ID 4104: Records the Compress-Archive command.
- Test 3Stage Data in Web-Accessible Directory
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create for powershell.exe with CommandLine containing 'Compress-Archive' and 'C:\inetpub\wwwroot'. Sysmon Event ID 11: File Create event for the .zip file in C:\inetpub\wwwroot\uploads\. PowerShell ScriptBlock Logging Event ID 4104 with full command.
- Test 4Remote Staging via PowerShell Copy-Item to UNC Path
Expected signal: Sysmon Event ID 1: Process Create for powershell.exe with CommandLine containing 'Copy-Item' and '\\127.0.0.1\RemoteStage$'. Sysmon Event ID 11: File Create events on the destination share path. Sysmon Event ID 3: Network connection from powershell.exe to 127.0.0.1 on port 445 (SMB). Security Event ID 5140 (if share auditing enabled): Network share access event.
References (15)
- https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002/
- https://www.mandiant.com/sites/default/files/2021-09/mtrends-2020.pdf
- https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/
- https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf
- https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union
- https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/summit/ciso-summit-2016/cs16-know-your-enemy-fin8.pdf
- https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-fin6.pdf
- https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage
- https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa21-200a
- https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF
- https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/moustachedbouncer-espionage-against-foreign-diplomats-in-belarus/
- https://securelist.com/toddycat-check-logs/110696/
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/xcopy
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/robocopy
- https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1074.002/T1074.002.md
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