Detect CVE-2026-47428: Vitest Browser Mode XSS via Unsanitized otelCarrier Query Parameter in Sumo Logic CSE
CVE-2026-47428 is a reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in @vitest/browser versions >= 4.0.17 < 4.1.6 and >= 5.0.0-beta.0 < 5.0.0-beta.3. The browser mode development server serves the otelCarrier query parameter as unsanitized inline script content in esm-client-injector.js and serverOrchestrator.ts, allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the test runner's browser context. With a CVSS of 9.6 and public PoC available, this poses a critical risk to CI/CD pipelines and developer workstations running Vitest browser mode tests, potentially enabling credential theft, session hijacking, or supply chain compromise.
MITRE ATT&CK
Sumo Detection Query
_sourceCategory=web/access OR _sourceCategory=proxy/logs OR _sourceCategory=endpoint/process
| parse regex "otelCarrier=(?<otel_value>[^&\s\"]+)"
| where otel_value matches /[<>"'{}\(\)]/
| if (otel_value matches /<script/i, "script_injection", if (otel_value matches /javascript:/i, "proto_handler", if (otel_value matches /on\w+=/i, "event_handler", "generic_xss"))) as injection_type
| count by _sourceHost, _sourceCategory, injection_type, otel_value
| sort by _count descSumo Logic query detecting and categorizing XSS injection attempts via the otelCarrier query parameter targeting CVE-2026-47428 in Vitest browser mode.
Data Sources
Required Tables
False Positives & Tuning
- OpenTelemetry SDK implementations that legitimately pass complex trace context via otelCarrier including special characters
- Internal developer tools that append debugging metadata to otelCarrier parameters during local development
- Security testing pipelines running automated XSS scans against development servers as part of SDLC
- CDN or proxy layers that modify or decode query parameters before logging, altering the original otelCarrier value
Other platforms for CVE-2026-47428
Testing Methodology
Validate this detection against 3 adversary techniques from Atomic Red Team. Each test below lists the behaviour to exercise and the telemetry you should expect to see. Executable commands and cleanup steps are available with Pro.
- Test 1CVE-2026-47428 Basic XSS via otelCarrier Parameter
Expected signal: HTTP request logs showing otelCarrier parameter containing <script> tags; Node.js process spawning on port 5173; outbound network connection to attacker.lab if XSS executes successfully in browser
- Test 2CVE-2026-47428 Event Handler XSS Payload Variant
Expected signal: HTTP requests with onerror, onload event handler patterns in otelCarrier; DNS/network connections to attacker.lab from browser process if XSS executes; browser process network activity on non-standard ports
- Test 3CVE-2026-47428 CI/CD Pipeline Exploitation Simulation
Expected signal: Node.js process with vitest and --browser arguments; child browser process (Chromium/Playwright) spawned from test runner; outbound HTTP connections from browser process to external host; environment variable access logged by audit framework
References (4)
- https://github.com/vitest-dev/vitest/security/advisories/GHSA-2h32-95rg-cppp
- https://github.com/vitest-dev/vitest/blob/cba2036a197ec8ed42c35a37db78ef07192202c7/packages/browser/src/client/public/esm-client-injector.js#L41
- https://github.com/vitest-dev/vitest/blob/cba2036a197ec8ed42c35a37db78ef07192202c7/packages/browser/src/node/serverOrchestrator.ts#L48
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2h32-95rg-cppp
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