Detect BerriAI LiteLLM SQL Injection Exploitation (CVE-2026-42208) in Splunk
Detects exploitation attempts targeting a SQL injection vulnerability in BerriAI LiteLLM (CVE-2026-42208, CWE-89). LiteLLM is a widely deployed LLM proxy/gateway; successful exploitation allows unauthenticated or authenticated attackers to manipulate backend database queries, potentially exfiltrating API keys, user data, model configurations, and spend tracking records. This CVE is listed on the CISA KEV catalog, indicating active exploitation in the wild.
MITRE ATT&CK
SPL Detection Query
index=web OR index=proxy OR index=waf sourcetype IN ("access_combined", "nginx:access", "apache:access", "aws:alb:accesslogs", "pan:traffic", "suricata")
| where match(uri_path, "(?i)(key|user|spend|model|team|health|chat\/completions)")
| eval sqli_in_uri=if(match(uri_query, "(?i)('\s*OR\s*'|UNION\s+SELECT|--\s|'\s*;|1=1|0x27|%27)"), 1, 0)
| eval sqli_in_body=if(match(_raw, "(?i)('\s*OR\s*'|UNION\s+SELECT|--\s|'\s*;|1\s*=\s*1)"), 1, 0)
| where sqli_in_uri=1 OR sqli_in_body=1
| stats count AS attempt_count, dc(uri_path) AS distinct_paths, earliest(_time) AS first_seen, latest(_time) AS last_seen, values(uri_path) AS paths_targeted BY src_ip, http_user_agent
| eval risk=case(attempt_count>10, "high", attempt_count>3, "medium", true(), "low")
| sort -attempt_countDetects SQL injection attempts against LiteLLM API endpoints by inspecting web/proxy/WAF logs for SQLi payloads in URI query strings and raw request bodies. Groups by source IP for burst analysis.
Data Sources
Required Sourcetypes
False Positives & Tuning
- Security scanners (Burp Suite, OWASP ZAP) during authorized assessments
- LLM prompt content containing SQL-like syntax forwarded through the proxy
- Automated API testing suites with fuzz payloads
- WAF bypass testing by red teams
Other platforms for CVE-2026-42208
Testing Methodology
Validate this detection against 4 adversary techniques from Atomic Red Team. Each test below lists the behaviour to exercise and the telemetry you should expect to see. Executable commands and cleanup steps are available with Pro.
- Test 1Error-Based SQL Injection on LiteLLM /key/info Endpoint
Expected signal: HTTP 500 or 422 response from LiteLLM; database error message in application logs; WAF alert if deployed
- Test 2UNION SELECT Injection Attempt on /user/info Endpoint
Expected signal: HTTP 500 or data leak in response body; PostgreSQL logs show UNION SELECT statement; network proxy logs capture full URL with UNION payload
- Test 3Time-Based Blind SQL Injection via LiteLLM /spend/logs
Expected signal: Response time >= 5 seconds; PostgreSQL slow query log entry for pg_sleep; application logs show extended request duration
- Test 4POST Body SQL Injection to LiteLLM /key/generate
Expected signal: HTTP 400/500 with SQL error in response; application log shows malformed query; SIEM alert on POST body containing OR 1=1
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