Detect CVE-2025-40602 - SonicWall SMA1000 Missing Authorization Exploitation in Microsoft Sentinel
Detects exploitation attempts targeting CVE-2025-40602, a missing authorization vulnerability (CWE-862) combined with execution with unnecessary privileges (CWE-250) in SonicWall SMA1000 appliances. This KEV-listed vulnerability allows unauthenticated or insufficiently privileged attackers to access restricted resources or execute privileged operations. Detection focuses on anomalous HTTP requests to SMA1000 management interfaces, unexpected authentication bypass patterns, and post-exploitation activity indicative of privilege escalation on SMA gateway infrastructure.
MITRE ATT&CK
KQL Detection Query
union DeviceNetworkEvents, CommonSecurityLog
| where TimeGenerated > ago(24h)
| where (DeviceVendor has "SonicWall" or DeviceProduct has "SMA1000" or DestinationPort in (443, 8443, 80, 8080))
| where (RequestURL has_any ("/appliance/", "/management", "/api/", "/admin", "/auth", "/vpn") or Message has_any ("/appliance/", "/management"))
| where (ResultCode in ("200", "201", "204") and RequestURL has_any ("/admin", "/management", "/config", "/api/v1"))
or (ResultCode in ("401", "403") and RequestURL has_any ("/admin", "/management") and isnotempty(SourceIP))
| summarize RequestCount = count(), DistinctURLs = dcount(RequestURL), DistinctStatusCodes = dcount(ResultCode), RequestURLs = make_set(RequestURL, 20), StatusCodes = make_set(ResultCode) by SourceIP = coalesce(SourceIP, RemoteIP), DestinationIP = coalesce(DestinationIP, LocalIP), bin(TimeGenerated, 5m)
| where RequestCount >= 5 or DistinctURLs >= 3
| extend RiskScore = case(
RequestCount >= 20 and DistinctURLs >= 5, "High",
RequestCount >= 10, "Medium",
"Low")
| project TimeGenerated, SourceIP, DestinationIP, RequestCount, DistinctURLs, RequestURLs, StatusCodes, RiskScoreDetects anomalous HTTP access patterns against SonicWall SMA1000 management and API endpoints consistent with CVE-2025-40602 missing authorization exploitation. Identifies both successful unauthorized access and repeated probing of restricted paths.
Data Sources
Required Tables
False Positives & Tuning
- Legitimate administrators performing bulk configuration changes via the management API
- Automated monitoring or health-check systems that poll multiple SMA1000 endpoints
- Security scanning tools performing authorized vulnerability assessments against SMA1000 appliances
- Load balancers or reverse proxies that aggregate requests and appear as single high-volume sources
Other platforms for CVE-2025-40602
Testing Methodology
Validate this detection against 3 adversary techniques from Atomic Red Team. Each test below lists the behaviour to exercise and the telemetry you should expect to see. Executable commands and cleanup steps are available with Pro.
- Test 1SMA1000 Admin Endpoint Probe - Authorization Bypass Simulation
Expected signal: Network logs showing HTTP GET requests from the test host to the SMA1000 target IP on port 443, with URL paths matching /appliance/, /management/, /admin/, and /api/. HTTP response codes of 200 on any path indicate potential missing authorization.
- Test 2SMA1000 Configuration Extraction via Unauthorized API Access
Expected signal: Network logs showing HTTP GET requests to multiple /api/v1/ and /appliance/ paths with JSON Accept headers, followed by data transfer bytes indicating response body content was returned. File creation events in /tmp/sma1000_test/ on the attacking host.
- Test 3SMA1000 Privilege Escalation Test via Unauthenticated Admin Action
Expected signal: Network logs showing HTTP POST request to /api/v1/users endpoint with JSON body containing user creation parameters. If vulnerable, response body will contain user object with assigned ID. Authentication logs on SMA1000 should NOT show a preceding valid authentication event from the source IP.
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